Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently,
pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet …

Endocrine cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are heterogeneous in terms of
transcriptional profile, protein expression and the regulation of hormone release. Even …

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects more than 460 million people
worldwide. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells, whereas …

Eph receptor Tyr kinases and their membrane-tethered ligands, the ephrins, elicit short-
distance cell–cell signalling and thus regulate many developmental processes at the …

The arrangement of β cells within islets of Langerhans is critical for insulin release through
the generation of rhythmic activity. A privileged role for individual β cells in orchestrating …

In the tissue engineering (TE) paradigm, engineering and life sciences tools are combined
to develop bioartificial substitutes for organs and tissues, which can in turn be applied in …

Degradable and cell-compatible hydrogels can be designed to mimic the physical and
biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrices and provide tunability of …

Two African apes are the closest living relatives of humans: the chimpanzee (Pan
troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Although they are similar in many respects …

The Eph receptors are the largest of the RTK families. Like other RTKs, they transduce
signals from the cell exterior to the interior through ligand-induced activation of their kinase …

One goal of regenerative medicine is to instructively convert adult cells into other cell types
for tissue repair and regeneration. Although isolated examples of adult cell reprogramming …