Abstract The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) aims to map all of the cells of the human body
to advance biomedical research and clinical practice. This Perspective presents …

The anatomy of the arterial system supplying blood to the brain can influence the
development of arterial disease such as aneurysms, dolichoectasia and atherosclerosis. As …

Transarterial embolization in the external carotid artery (ECA) territory has a major role in the
endovascular management of epistaxis, skull base tumors, and dural arteriovenous fistulas …

One of the most frequent reasons of mortality and disability today is acute ischemic stroke,
which occurs by an abrupt disruption of cerebral circulation. The intricate damage …

Skull base meningiomas are technically challenging tumors to treat because of their deep
vascular supply that can preclude early devascularization during resection. Preoperative …

Methods: Five formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads were used. Common carotid arteries,
vertebral arteries, and internal jugular veins were injected with colored latex (red for arteries …

Most intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) involve the transverse-sigmoid sinus
(TSS), and various types of endovascular treatment (EVT) have been involved in managing …

Introduction Persistent hypoglossal artery (PHA) is the second most common anastomosis
between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems and demonstrates some variations. We …

The lower cranial nerves receive their arterial supply from an intricate network of tributaries
derived from the external carotid, internal carotid, and vertebrobasilar territories. A …

Background Recognition of neurovascular variants is crucial for safe endovascular and
neurosurgical interventions. We aim to review and highlight various uncommon …