Noradrenergic modulation of fear conditioning and extinction

TF Giustino, S Maren - Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2018 - frontiersin.org
The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

Unrelenting fear under stress: neural circuits and mechanisms for the immediate extinction deficit

S Maren - Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Therapeutic interventions for disorders of fear and anxiety rely on behavioral approaches
that reduce pathological fear memories. For example, learning that threat-predictive stimuli …

Norepinephrine release in the cerebellum contributes to aversive learning

AT Stanley, MR Post, C Lacefield, D Sulzer… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
The modulation of dopamine release from midbrain projections to the striatum has long
been demonstrated in reward-based learning, but the synaptic basis of aversive learning is …

The neurobiology of human fear generalization: meta-analysis and working neural model

RD Webler, H Berg, K Fhong, L Tuominen… - Neuroscience & …, 2021 - Elsevier
Fear generalization to stimuli resembling a conditioned danger-cue (CS+) is a fundamental
dynamic of classical fear-conditioning. Despite the ubiquity of fear generalization in human …

Current understanding of fear learning and memory in humans and animal models and the value of a linguistic approach for analyzing fear learning and memory in …

J Raber, S Arzy, JB Bertolus, B Depue, HE Haas… - Neuroscience & …, 2019 - Elsevier
Fear is an emotion that serves as a driving factor in how organisms move through the world.
In this review, we discuss the current understandings of the subjective experience of fear …

A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats

Y Gu, WT Piper, LA Branigan, EM Vazey… - Molecular …, 2020 - nature.com
Norepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in the acquisition of aversive learning via actions in
the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA)[,]. However, the function of NE in expression of …

Neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the retrieval-extinction effect

EN Cahill, AL Milton - Psychopharmacology, 2019 - Springer
Extinction within the reconsolidation window, or 'retrieval-extinction', has received much
research interest as a possible technique for targeting the reconsolidation of maladaptive …

Failure of fear extinction in insomnia: an evolutionary perspective

L Perogamvros, A Castelnovo, D Samson… - Sleep Medicine …, 2020 - Elsevier
The pathophysiology of insomnia remains poorly understood, yet emerging cross-
disciplinary approaches integrating natural history, observational studies in traditional …

Recent advances in the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of possible mechanisms underlying an effective pharmacotherapy

N Malikowska-Racia, K Salat - Pharmacological Research, 2019 - Elsevier
Recent progress in the field of neurobiology supported by clinical evidence gradually
reveals the mystery of human brain functioning. So far, many psychiatric disorders have …

[HTML][HTML] Endocannabinoids, stress signaling, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

RR Wyrofsky, BAS Reyes, XY Zhang, S Bhatnagar… - Neurobiology of …, 2019 - Elsevier
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has been implicated in a variety of physiological
functions due to abundant expression of its receptors and endogenous ligands in the central …