Inappropriate usage of reclaimed wastewater has caused outbreaks of viral infectious
diseases worldwide. International and domestic guidelines for wastewater reuse stipulate …

Norovirus (NoV) is the commonest cause of gastrointestinal disease in the United Kingdom
and in many developed countries, causing diarrhea and vomiting in millions of cases …

Norovirus is the most frequent cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis and it is difficult to
control in crowded environments like hospitals and nursing homes. Transmission depends …

Norovirus is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis. The virus is
spread via the fecal-oral route, most commonly from infected food and water, but several …

Noroviruses are the leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks and childhood
diarrhoea globally, estimated to be responsible for 200,000 deaths in children each year …

Background In the US, noroviruses are estimated to cause 21 million cases annually with
economic losses reaching $2 billion. Outbreak investigations frequently implicate vomiting …

Pollution of coastal waters can result in contamination of bivalve shellfish with human enteric
viruses, including norovirus (NoV), and oysters are commonly implicated in outbreaks …

Background Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) causes a substantial burden in the United States,
but its etiology frequently remains undetermined. Active surveillance within an integrated …

Faecal-oral infections are a major component of the disease burden in low-income contexts,
with inadequate sanitation seen as a contributing factor. However, demonstrating health …

Millions of human pathogenic viral particles are shed from infected individuals and introduce
into wastewater, subsequently causing waterborne diseases worldwide. These viruses can …