Liquid metal actuators: a comparative analysis of surface tension controlled actuation

J Liao, C Majidi, M Sitti - Advanced Materials, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
Liquid metals, with their unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties, offer
great opportunities for actuation based on surface tension modulation. Thanks to the scaling …

Advances in dielectric elastomers for actuators and artificial muscles

P Brochu, Q Pei - Macromolecular rapid communications, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
A number of materials have been explored for their use as artificial muscles. Among these,
dielectric elastomers (DEs) appear to provide the best combination of properties for true …

Multi-environment robotic transitions through adaptive morphogenesis

R Baines, SK Patiballa, J Booth, L Ramirez, T Sipple… - Nature, 2022 - nature.com
The current proliferation of mobile robots spans ecological monitoring, warehouse
management and extreme environment exploration, to an individual consumer's home …

Unipolar stroke, electroosmotic pump carbon nanotube yarn muscles

H Chu, X Hu, Z Wang, J Mu, N Li, X Zhou, S Fang… - Science, 2021 - science.org
Success in making artificial muscles that are faster and more powerful and that provide
larger strokes would expand their applications. Electrochemical carbon nanotube yarn …

Interpenetrating liquid-crystal polyurethane/polyacrylate elastomer with ultrastrong mechanical property

HF Lu, M Wang, XM Chen, BP Lin… - Journal of the American …, 2019 - ACS Publications
Liquid-crystal elastomer (LCE) materials, which have been developed and investigated for 4
decades, still lack real industrial applications. The fundamental obstacle is the modest force …

Soft robotics for chemists

F Ilievski, AD Mazzeo, RF Shepherd… - Angewandte Chemie …, 2011 - dash.harvard.edu
Soft robots: A methodology based on embedded pneumatic networks (PneuNets) is
described that enables large-amplitude actuations in soft elastomers by pressurizing …

Elastomeric origami: programmable paper‐elastomer composites as pneumatic actuators

RV Martinez, CR Fish, X Chen… - Advanced functional …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
The development of soft pneumatic actuators based on composites consisting of elastomers
with embedded sheet or fiber structures (eg, paper or fabric) that are flexible but not …

Mapping the mechanical and electrical properties of commercial silicone elastomer formulations for stretchable transducers

J Vaicekauskaite, P Mazurek, S Vudayagiri… - Journal of Materials …, 2020 - pubs.rsc.org
Elastomers for fabricating soft and stretchable transducers primarily require high elongation
at break, high dielectric permittivity, high breakdown strength and low leakage current …

Torsional carbon nanotube artificial muscles

J Foroughi, GM Spinks, GG Wallace, J Oh, ME Kozlov… - Science, 2011 - science.org
Rotary motors of conventional design can be rather complex and are therefore difficult to
miniaturize; previous carbon nanotube artificial muscles provide contraction and bending …

[HTML][HTML] Multi-functional dielectric elastomer artificial muscles for soft and smart machines

IA Anderson, TA Gisby, TG McKay, BM O'Brien… - Journal of applied …, 2012 - pubs.aip.org
Dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators are popularly referred to as artificial muscles because
their impressive actuation strain and speed, low density, compliant nature, and silent …