Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

Classical chemotherapeutic anti-cancer treatments induce cell death through DNA damage
by taking advantage of the proliferative behaviour of cancer cells. The more recent approach …

Chemokines, small pro-inflammatory chemoattractant cytokines that bind to specific G-
protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptors, are major regulators of cell …

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is rarely cured, and single-agent
immune checkpoint inhibition has not demonstrated clinical benefit despite the presence of …

Cell adaptation to hypoxia (Hyp) requires activation of transcriptional programs that
coordinate expression of genes involved in oxygen delivery (via angiogenesis) and …

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 belongs to the large superfamily of G protein-coupled
receptors, and is directly involved in a number of biological processes including …

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is frequently over-expressed in various types of
cancer; many agents against CXCR4 are in clinical development currently despite variable …

Metastasis of cancer cells is a complex process involving multiple steps including invasion,
angiogenesis, and trafficking of cancer cells through blood vessels, extravasations, organ …

Chemokines are small molecules called “chemotactic cytokines” and regulate many
processes like leukocyte trafficking, homing of immune cells, maturation, cytoskeletal …

CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 mediate the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow
and their recruitment to sites of injury, as well as affect processes such as cell arrest …