Rod and cone photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina utilize cGMP as the primary
intracellular messenger for the visual signaling pathway that converts a light stimulus into an …

Vertebrate rod photoreceptors evolved the astonishing ability to respond reliably to single
photons. In parallel, the proximate neurons of the visual system evolved the ability to reliably …

Visual systems adapt to different light environments through several avenues including
optical changes to the eye and neurological changes in how light signals are processed and …

Stimulus-evoked intrinsic optical signal (IOS), which occurs almost immediately after the
onset of retinal stimulus has been observed in retinal photoreceptors, promises to be a …

Rods and cones mediate visual perception over 9 log units of light intensities, with both
photoreceptor types contributing to a middle 3-log unit range that comprises most night-time …

The mammalian visual system operates over an extended range of ambient light levels by
switching between rod and cone photoreceptors. Rod-driven vision is sluggish, highly …

In this study, we investigated the transcriptome responses of the liver of Onychostoma
macrolepis in by RNA sequencing. The sampling process involved three groups: 1G (0 …

The laminated structure of the retina is fundamental for the organization of the synaptic
circuitry that translates light input into patterns of action potentials. However, the molecular …

The mammalian visual system has a remarkable capacity to detect differences in contrast
across time, which is known as temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS). Details of the underlying …

The detection of temporal variations in amplitude of light intensity, or temporal contrast
sensitivity (TCS), depends on the kinetics of rod photoresponse recovery …