In patients with acute circulatory failure, the decision to give fluids or not should not be taken
lightly. The risk of overzealous fluid administration has been clearly established. Moreover …

Purpose We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the
passive leg raising (PLR)-induced changes in cardiac output (CO) and in arterial pulse …

In acute circulatory failure, passive leg raising (PLR) is a test that predicts whether cardiac
output will increase with volume expansion [1]. By transferring a volume of around 300 mL of …

Aggressive fluid resuscitation to achieve a central venous pressure (CVP) greater than 8 mm
Hg has been promoted as the standard of care, in the management of patients with severe …

The clinical determination of the intravascular volume can be extremely difficult in critically ill
and injured patients as well as those undergoing major surgery. This is problematic because …

There is no universal agreement on the definition of anaphylaxis or the criteria for diagnosis.
In July 2005, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and Food Allergy and …

Introduction To investigate whether respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter
(cIVC) predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with acute …

Objective: Passive leg raising creates a reversible increase in venous return allowing for the
prediction of fluid responsiveness. However, the amount of venous return may vary in …

Objective: Passive leg raising (PLR) represents a “self-volume challenge” that could predict
fluid response and might be useful when the respiratory variation of stroke volume cannot be …

Background The risk of pulmonary edema is the main limiting factor in fluid therapy in the
critically ill. Interstitial edema is a subclinical step that precedes alveolar edema. This study …