Ubiquitous forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are caused by
enduring increases or decreases in neurotransmitter release. Such forms or presynaptic …

Synaptic plasticity is a fundamental property of neurons referring to the activity-dependent
changes in the strength and efficacy of synaptic transmission at preexisting synapses. Such …

Kainate (KA) is a potent neurotoxin that has been widely used experimentally to induce
acute brain seizures and, after repetitive treatments, as a chronic model of temporal lobe …

Kainate receptors (KARs) are glutamate receptors that participate in the postsynaptic
transmission of information and in the control of neuronal excitability, as well as …

Presynaptic kainate (KA) receptors (KARs) modulate GABA and glutamate release in the
central nervous system of mammals. While some of the actions of KARs are ionotropic …

A metabotropic modus operandi for kainate receptors (KARs) was first discovered in 1998
modulating GABA release. These receptors have been also found to modulate glutamate …

Introduction N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is one of the main receptor of the
excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain, which is the key determinant of the …

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein-coupled receptors that exhibit
enormous diversity in their expression patterns, sequence homology, pharmacology …

Ionotropic glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-and AMPA-type, as well
as metabotropic glutamate receptors have been extensively invoked in plasticity. Until …

Kainate receptors (KARs), together with AMPA and NMDA, are typically described as
ionotropic glutamate receptors. The functions of KARs have begun to be elucidated only in …