This paper presents a critical review of heat transfer applications of nanofluids. The effects of
nanoparticle concentration, size, shape, and nanofluid flow rate on Nusselt number, heat …

The objective of compiling this study is to seek the attention of young scholars and experts
working in the field of heat transfer by discussing the applications and challenges of hybrid …

This review summarizes the present knowledge on the toxicity of copper and copper
nanoparticles (CuNPs) to various fish species. In previous decades, the excessive usage of …

Given increasing use of copper-based nanomaterials, particularly in applications with direct
release, it is imperative to understand their human and ecological risks. A comprehensive …

Nanofluids have attracted tremendous attention during the last two decades. The
researchers all over the world investigate the feasibility of the nanofluids use in different …

This paper provides a comprehensive review of published literature concerning heat transfer
benefits of nanofluids for both macro-channels and micro-channels. Included are both …

Analyzing microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) in terms of the second thermodynamic law is
useful, and it is necessary to examine MCHSs in terms of irreversible factors. In this …

Active and passive cooling are the two possible methods for removing heat. An active
cooling system is the one that involves the use of energy as opposed to passive cooling that …

Cooling of electronic devices is one of the main challenge of new generation technology.
The extreme miniaturization has high benefits, but the heat to be dissipated per unit of …

In this article, we experimentally measured the convective heat transfer of a micro-channel
heat sink cooling with carbon-acetone nanofluid (NF), which potentially is a cost-effective …