Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus
nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research …

Organisms may retain nonfunctional anatomical features as a consequence of evolutionary
natural selection. Resultant atavistic and vestigial anatomical structures have long been a …

The evolution and development of the head have long captivated researchers due to the
crucial role of the head as the gateway for sensory stimuli and the intricate structural …

Auricular vagal nerve stimulation (AVNS) is an evolving neuromodulation technology that
has a wide range of therapeutic applications across multiple disciplines of medical science …

Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) can be used to decode a user's motor intention to control
an external device. People that suffer from motor disabilities, such as spinal cord injury, can …

Mask wearing is now ubiquitous because of the COVID-19 pandemic and has given rise to
medical device-related pressure injuries in persons at risk of skin breakdown. The ear has …

Background Studies have suggested that intrinsic auricular muscle zones (IAMZ) stimulation
alleviates motor features of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods A randomized, blinded, active …

Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is defined as a “distressing, persistent, subjective
sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or …

Surface electromyography (EMG) allows reliable detection of muscle activity in all nine
intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles during facial muscle movements. The ear muscles are …

Background: A burn scar is a type of hypertrophic scar that can cause significant clinical
symptoms, discomfort, and post-burn scar (PBS) syndrome in up to 77% of patients with burn …