Sex differences in neurological disease extend from incidence, severity, progression and
symptoms and may ultimately influence treatment. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in …

Ample evidence has demonstrated that sex steroid hormones, such as the potent estrogen
17β-estradiol (E2), affect hippocampal morphology, plasticity, and memory in male and …

The steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) is well known to influence hippocampal functions such as
memory, affective behaviors, and epilepsy. There is growing awareness that in addition to …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”. Since the publication of the
1998 special issue of Hormones and Behavior on estrogens and cognition, substantial …

Excitatory synapses can be potentiated by chemical neuromodulators, including 17β-
estradiol (E2), or patterns of synaptic activation, as in long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we …

Synaptic plasticity of the female hippocampus may cyclically fluctuate across the estrous
cycle. The spine density fluctuation had been explained by fluctuation of plasma estradiol …

Mild exercise activates hippocampal neurons through the glutamatergic pathway and also
promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). We hypothesized that such exercise …

17β-estradiol (E2) is synthesized in the hippocampus of both sexes and acutely potentiates
excitatory synapses in each sex. Previously, we found that the mechanisms for initiation of …

Although recent evidence suggests that the hippocampus is a source of 17β-estradiol (E2),
the physiological role of this neurosteroid E2, as distinct from ovarian E2, is unknown. One …

Purpose To extend our knowledge and practical application of the concept of catamenial
epilepsy. Methods The review focuses on the impact of the NIH Progesterone Trial on our …