Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies
and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and …

Insulin resistance has long been associated with obesity. More than 40 years ago, Randle
and colleagues postulated that lipids impaired insulin-stimulated glucose use by muscles …

The term “fat” may refer to lipids as well as the cells and tissue that store lipid (ie, adipocytes
and adipose tissue).“Lipid” is derived from “lipos,” which refers to animal fat or vegetable oil …

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is manifested by decreased insulin‐stimulated glucose
uptake and results from impaired insulin signaling and multiple post‐receptor intracellular …

A discussion of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus must start with a review of
mechanisms involved in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis in the basal or …

Physical exercise can be an important adjunct in the treatment of both non–insulin-
dependent diabetes mellitus and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Over the past several …

Obesity is accompanied by the activation of low-grade inflammatory activity in metabolically
relevant tissues. Studies have shown that obesity-associated insulin resistance results from …

Schematic illustration of major signaling pathways of insulin action. The phosphorylated
insulin receptor binds and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to …

Insulin plays a key role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes. However, until
recently little was known about the signalling pathways that are involved in linking the …

Both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been reported to be independent risk
factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known regarding insulin signaling in …