The NIH has recently highlighted the importance of sexual dimorphisms and has mandated
inclusion of both sexes in clinical trials and basic research. In this review we highlight new …

BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake, ie eating and
energy expenditure (EE). Severe obesity is more prevalent in women than men worldwide …

Prevalence and health consequences of obesity differ between men and women. Yet, most
preclinical studies investigating the etiology of obesity have, to date, been conducted in …

The circadian clock and associated feeding rhythms have a profound impact on metabolism
and the gut microbiome. To what extent microbiota reciprocally affect daily rhythms of …

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of
eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of …

Estrogens play a major role in the modulation of energy balance through central and
peripheral actions. Here, we demonstrate that central action of estradiol (E2) inhibits AMP …

Sex hormones play essential roles in the regulation of appetite, eating behaviour and
energy metabolism and have been implicated in several major clinical disorders in women …

In recent years, obesity and its associated health disorders and costs have increased.
Accumulation of adipose tissue, or fat, in the intra-abdominal adipose depot is associated …

Obesity prevalence is generally higher in women than in men, and there is also a sex
difference in body fat distribution. Sex differences in obesity can be explained in part by the …

Sexual dimorphisms are responsible for profound metabolic differences in health and
behavior. Whether males and females react differently to environmental cues, such as solar …