Water is essential to plant growth and drives plant evolution and interactions with other
organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, and these fluctuations …

Affective states, such as emotions, are presumably widespread across the animal kingdom
because of the adaptive advantages they are supposed to confer. However, the study of the …

Psychologists have become increasingly interested in the geographical organization of
psychological phenomena. Such studies typically seek to identify geographical variation in …

Wild animals experience different challenges and opportunities as they mature, and this
variety of experiences can lead to different levels of welfare characterizing the day‐to‐day …

Cortisol and corticosterone, hormones traditionally considered biomarkers of stress, can be
measured in fluid biomatrices (eg, blood, saliva) from live animals to evaluate conditions at …

Simple Summary Zoos and aquariums have recognized the paramount importance of
animal welfare. Achieving and maintaining the highest possible standards of animal welfare …

Free‐ranging wild vertebrates need to cope with natural and anthropogenic stressors that
cause short and/or long‐term behavioural and physiological responses. In areas of high …

Information theory has been applied productively across biology, but it has been used
minimally in endocrinology. Here, we advocate for the integration of information theory into …

Measuring corticosterone in feathers allows researchers to make long-term, retrospective
assessments of physiology with non-invasive sampling. To date, there is little evidence that …

Phenotypic trade-offs are inevitable in nature, but the mechanisms driving them are poorly
understood. Movement and oxygen are essential to all animals, and as such, the common …