Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

Substantial research over the past two decades has established that extracellular matrix
(ECM) elasticity, or stiffness, affects fundamental cellular processes, including spreading …

BACKGROUND Living cells contain distinct subcompartments to facilitate spatiotemporal
regulation of biological reactions. In addition to canonical membrane-bound organelles such …

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent
evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase …

The mechanical behaviour of cells is largely controlled by a structure that is fundamentally
out of thermodynamic equilibrium: a network of crosslinked filaments subjected to the action …

This is an overview of theoretical approaches to semiflexible polymers and their networks.
Such semiflexible polymers have large bending rigidities that can compete with the entropic …

Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce
broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This molecular scale breaking of detailed …

The cytoskeleton is the major mechanical structure of the cell; it is a complex, dynamic
biopolymer network comprising microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments. Both the …

The cortex is a thin, crosslinked actin network lying immediately beneath the plasma
membrane of animal cells. Myosin motors exert contractile forces in the meshwork. Because …

In 1892, JL Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli
as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone …