Abstract 'Autophagy'refers to an evolutionarily conserved process through which cellular
contents, such as damaged organelles and protein aggregates, are delivered to lysosomes …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a prominent stromal microenvironment
with remarkable cellular and spatial heterogeneity that meaningfully impacts disease …

As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol
and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of …

Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

In a healthy body, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants remain balanced. When
the balance is broken toward an overabundance of ROS, oxidative stress appears and may …

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has received increasing attention due to its high selectivity, non-
invasiveness, negligible drug resistance, oxygen independence, and minimal side effects. In …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for
cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful
conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient …

Background Tumors are highly plastic metabolic entities composed of cancer and host cells
that can adopt different metabolic phenotypes. For energy production, cancer cells may use …

Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Keap1, function as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved
intracellular defense mechanism to counteract oxidative stress. Sequestered by cytoplasmic …