Coinfections involving viruses are being recognized to influence the disease pattern that
occurs relative to that with single infection. Classically, we usually think of a clinical …

Over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in
biomedical research. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans …

Studies have shown that simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract with at least two
viruses is common in hospitalized patients, although it is not clear whether these infections …

The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has
rapidly spread around the world, causing serious illness and death and creating a heavy …

Many highly effective vaccines have been produced against viruses whose virulent infection
elicits strong and durable protective immunity. In these cases, characterization of immune …

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the pathogen causing
epidemics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and is present in every …

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are the
main enteric coronaviruses that cause acute diarrhoea and dehydration in pigs. The co …

In nature, viral coinfection is as widespread as viral infection alone. Viral coinfections often
cause altered viral pathogenicity, disrupted host defense, and mixed-up clinical symptoms …

The recent increase in new technologies to analyze host-pathogen interaction has fostered
a race to develop new methodologies to assess these not only on the cellular level, but also …

The adaptive immune response is necessary for the development of protective immunity
against infectious diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) …