The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …

A large number of pharmacological studies have used capsaicin as a tool to activate many
physiological systems, with an emphasis on pain research but also including functions such …

Mechanical allodynia, induced by normally innocuous low-threshold mechanical stimulation,
represents a cardinal feature of neuropathic pain. Blockade or ablation of high-threshold …

The primary objective of preclinical pain research is to improve the treatment of pain.
Decades of research using pain-evoked tests has revealed much about mechanisms but …

Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in chili peppers, produces intense burning pain in
humans. Capsaicin selectively activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) …

Pain associates both sensory and emotional aversive components, and often leads to
anxiety and depression when it becomes chronic. Here, we characterized, in a mouse …

Relief of pain is rewarding. Using a model of experimental postsurgical pain we show that
blockade of afferent input from the injury with local anesthetic elicits conditioned place …

Relief from pain in humans is rewarding and pleasurable. Primary rewards, or reward-
predictive cues, are encoded in brain reward/motivational circuits. While considerable …

Pain is a negative affective state arising from tissue damage or inflammation. Because pain
is aversive and its relief is innately rewarding, animals may learn to avoid a context in which …

A rat population with variable responses to nerve injury indicated that activation of
descending inhibition with a spinal noradrenergic component prevents development of …