The action potential of the squid giant axon is formed by just two voltage-dependent
conductances in the cell membrane, yet mammalian central neurons typically express more …

▪ Abstract Cyclic nucleotide–activated ion channels play a fundamental role in a variety of
physiological processes. By opening in response to intracellular cyclic nucleotides, they …

Why dopamine-containing neurons of the brain's substantia nigra pars compacta die in
Parkinson's disease has been an enduring mystery. Our studies suggest that the unusual …

Studies in dopamine-depleted rats indicate that the external globus pallidus (GPe) contains
two main types of GABAergic projection cell; so-called “prototypic” and “arkypallidal” …

Enhanced oscillations at beta frequencies (8–30 Hz) are a signature neural dynamic
pathology in the basal ganglia and cortex of Parkinson's disease patients. The mechanisms …

Principal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) of the striatum have long been thought to
be homogeneous in their somatodendritic morphology and physiology. Recent work using …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are expressed as four
different isoforms (HCN1-4) in the heart and in the central and peripheral nervous systems …

Chronic electrical stimulation of the brain, known as deep brain stimulation (DBS), has
become a preferred surgical treatment for medication-refractory movement disorders …

The external globus pallidus (GP e) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position
to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all …

Compelling evidence suggests that pathological activity of the external globus pallidus
(GPe), a nucleus in the basal ganglia, contributes to the motor symptoms of a variety of …