As climate change is exacerbated and existing resources are depleted, the need for
sustainable industries becomes ever so important. Aviation is not an exception. Despite the …

A traditional aircraft is optimized for only one or two flight conditions, not for the entire flight
envelope. In contrast, the wings of a bird can be reshaped to provide optimal performance at …

The exotic properties of mechanical metamaterials emerge from the topology of micro-
structural elements. Once manufactured, however, the metamaterials have fixed properties …

Aircraft wings are a compromise that allows the aircraft to fly at a range of flight conditions,
but the performance at each condition is sub-optimal. The ability of a wing surface to change …

As a new class of smart materials, shape memory polymers and their composites (SMPs and
SMPCs) can respond to specific external stimulus and remember the original shape. There …

An increase in system-level efficiency and multifunctionality of products and components is
one of the main advantages of the use of some novel polyvalent materials and structures …

BACKGROUND The tight integration of sensing, actuation, and computation that biological
systems exhibit to achieve shape and appearance changes (like the cuttlefish and birds in …

In response to the marked increase in research activity and publications in multifunctional
materials and structures in the last few years, this article is an attempt to identify the topics …

Actuators are transducers that convert an electrical signal to a desired physical quantity.
Active flow control actuators modify a flow by providing an electronically controllable …

The term 'morphing aircraft'describes a broad range of air vehicles and vehicle components
that adapt to planned and unplanned multipoint mission requirements. Adaptation or …