The three-dimensional printing (3DP) also known as the additive manufacturing (AM), a
novel and futuristic technology that facilitates the printing of multiscale, biomimetic, intricate …

Metals and alloys, including stainless steel, titanium and its alloys, cobalt alloys, and other
metals and alloys have been widely used clinically as implant materials, but implant-related …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has led to an evolution in the design and fabrication of
hard tissue substitutes, enabling personalized implants to address each patient's specific …

Zinc is a micronutrient of key importance for human health. An increasing number of studies
indicate that zinc plays a significant role in bone tissue's normal development and …

Surgical prostheses and implants used in hard-tissue engineering should satisfy all the
clinical, mechanical, manufacturing, and economic requirements in order to be used for load …

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in bone tissue engineering for its bioactivity and
biocompatibility, and a growing number of researchers are exploring ways to improve the …

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a thermoplastic material widely used in engineering
applications due to its good biomechanical properties and high temperature stability …

Background Currently, metal implants are widely used in orthopedic surgeries, including
fracture fixation, spinal fusion, joint replacement, and bone tumor defect repair. However …

With the advancement of additive manufacturing (AM), customized vascular stents can now
be fabricated to fit the curvatures and sizes of a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, thereby …