Interactions between the immune and nervous systems are of central importance in
neuropathic pain, a common and debilitating form of chronic pain caused by a lesion or …

Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading
microbes, injuries, and insults from within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These …

Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

The previous decade has seen a rapid increase in microglial studies on pain, with a unique
focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord after nerve injury and neuropathic pain. Numerous …

Inflammation is the body's response to injury and infection, involving a complex biological
response of the somatosensory, immune, autonomic, and vascular systems. Inflammatory …

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis,
nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a …

Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that bring about the resolution of acute
inflammation have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators that include the …

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically derived from essential fatty
acids and have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation—that is …

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain,
has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral …

Current analgesics predominately modulate pain transduction and transmission in neurons
and have limited success in controlling disease progression. Accumulating evidence …