Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale vesicles
secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem cells are a class of …

Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have
been exploited as a promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent …

Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs)
since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most complex and selective barriers in the
human organism. Its role is to protect the brain and preserve the homeostasis of the central …

Developing strategies toward safe and effective drug delivery into the central nervous
system (CNS) with improved targeting abilities and reduced off-target effects is crucial. CNS …

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and brain injuries devastate patients and
their families, but currently no drugs on the market promote neurological recovery. Limited …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, mainly composed of lipid
bilayers without organelles. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have …

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually suffer from permanent neurological deficits,
while spontaneous recovery and therapeutic efficacy are limited. Here, we demonstrate that …

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They …

The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been hindered by the complex pathologies
and multiple membrane barriers during drug delivery. Although exosomes derived from …