Addiction is a disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and consumption
observed in 20–30% of users. An addicted individual will favor drug reward over natural …

Behavioral flexibility is critical to survival. Animals must adapt their behavioral responses
based on changes in the environmental context, internal state, or experience. Studies in …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

Resource-seeking behaviours are ordinarily constrained by physiological needs and threats
of danger, and the loss of these controls is associated with pathological reward seeking …

Animal behavior is shaped both by evolution and by individual experience. Parallel brain
pathways encode innate and learned valences of cues, but the way in which they are …

Forming long-term memory (LTM) often requires repetitive experience spread over time.
Studies in Drosophila suggest aversive olfactory LTM is optimal after spaced training …

Feeding decisions are fundamental to survival, and decision making is often disrupted in
disease. Here, we show that neural activity in a small population of neurons projecting to the …

Animals form and update learned associations between otherwise neutral sensory cues and
aversive outcomes (ie, punishment) to predict and avoid danger in changing environments …

Alcohol is a widely used and abused substance with numerous negative consequences for
human health and safety. Historically, alcohol's widespread, non-specific neurobiological …