The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi
and viruses. These microbes—collectively referred to as the skin microbiota—are …

Aging is a natural process of organismal decay that underpins the development of myriad
diseases and disorders. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the biology of …

A bottleneck for immunotherapy of cancer is the immunosuppressive microenvironment in
which the tumor cells proliferate. Cancers harness the immune regulatory mechanism that …

Gastric cancer is considered to be a type of gastrointestinal tumor and is mostly
accompanied by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection at the early stage. Hence, the long-term …

Studies described so far suggest that human β-defensin 2 is an important protein of innate
immune response which provides protection for the human organism against invading …

Gastric cancer is one of the top causes of cancer-related death globally. Although novel
treatment strategies have been developed, attempts to eradicate gastric cancer have been …

Malignancies occur with a higher incidence rate and manifest earlier in life in patients with
primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) than in the general population. However, no …

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major post-transcriptional
regulators of gene expression. They are currently recognized for their important role in the …

Highlights•Chronic inflammation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and tumour
progression.•Macrophages in tumours are the major source of inflammatory …

Gastric cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of
cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main risk factors for this …