In 2004 the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines and standards for the
performance of fetal echocardiography were published. 1 The writing group, commissioned …

A wide spectrum of genetic causes may lead to nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), and a
thorough phenotypic and genetic evaluation are essential to determine the underlying …

The term hydrops fetalis describes excessive, pathologic fluid accumulation within the fetal
soft tissues and body cavities. 1, 2 It is defined by the presence of 2 or more abnormal fluid …

Background—Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia are rare congenital tricuspid
valve malformations associated with high perinatal mortality. The literature consists of small …

Purpose Numerous etiologies may lead to nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), and the
underlying cause often remains unclear. We aimed to determine the proportion of NIHF …

Objective To evaluate the incidence, etiology, and 1-year mortality of nonimmune hydrops
fetalis (NIHF) and to identify risk factors for mortality in a contemporary population-based …

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of monogenic condition, with many
characterized by an enzyme deficiency leading to the accumulation of an undegraded …

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS7) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) resulting from
mutations in the β-glucuronidase gene, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and fetal demise …

Objective Alpha thalassemia major (ATM) is often fatal in utero due to severe hydrops fetalis.
Although in utero transfusions (IUTs) are increasingly used to allow fetal survival in ATM …

The presence of maternal Anti-Ro/Anti-La antibodies causes a passively acquired
autoimmunity that may be associated with serious fetal complications. The classic example …