Background/Aim: Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy is being steadily adopted instead of
two-dimensional (2D) for various procedures. Our aim was to compare the outcomes …

Background The use of 3D laparoscopic systems is expanding. The European Association
of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) initiated a consensus development conference with the aim …

Background This study compared precision of depth judgements, technical performance and
workload using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic displays …

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) visual displays have been suggested to aid
laparoscopic skills training by providing the depth cues not present in traditional two …

Purpose Introduction of three-dimensional (3D) display might remove technical obstacles of
laparoscopic surgery and improve laparoscopic skills. We analyzed the effect of 3D …

Background Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is not without impact on surgeons'
neck/shoulder/head and eyes. However, the mechanisms for concurrent symptoms are not …

Purpose 3D imaging is an upcoming technology in laparoscopic surgery, and recent studies
have shown that the modern 3D technique is superior in an experimental setting. However …

Purpose We conducted a prospective clinical control study to identify the best imaging
technology among three-dimensional (3-D) high-definition (HD) stereovision and two …

This is the first study to explore the effects of crosstalk from 3D laparoscopic displays on
technical performance and workload. We studied crosstalk at magnitudes that may have …

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3d) laparoscopy has been introduced to enhance
depth perception and facilitate surgical operations. The aim of this study was to compare …