Abstract Purpose of Review: This review presents different types of electromagnetic
actuation (EMA) microrobotic systems that have been designed for various principles of …

This article describes the design and development of an integrated system that renders ultra-
precise and high-speed, untethered manipulation of a single magnetic scanning microprobe …

As an untethered scanning probe approaches a wall in aqueous solutions, the drag
coefficient increases and approaches infinity, which challenges the precise motion control of …

This article presents the Hall-sensor-based magnetic force modeling and inverse modeling
for the hexapole electromagnetic actuation. Whereas mathematical models are derived for a …

This article describes the design and implementation of a control system that controls the
probe-sample interaction force at the piconewton scale by manipulating a magnetic …