Tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited macrophages are critical
players in innate immunity and maintenance of lung homeostasis. Until recently, assessing …

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell
types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in …

Macrophages are central orchestrators of the tissue response to injury, with distinct
macrophage activation states playing key roles in fibrosis progression and resolution …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10–14% of global population. Kidney
fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from impaired
regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury. During regeneration, type 2 alveolar …

Lung transplantation can potentially be a life-saving treatment for patients with nonresolving
COVID-19–associated respiratory failure. Concerns limiting lung transplantation include …

Fibrosis progression in the lung commonly results in impaired functional gas exchange,
respiratory failure, or even death. In addition to the aberrant activation and differentiation of …

Macrophages are a highly heterogeneous and plastic population of cells that are crucial for
tissue repair and regeneration. This has made macrophages a particularly attractive target …

Lung macrophages play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, pathogen
clearance and immune regulation. The different types of pulmonary macrophages and their …

This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and
polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease …