Satellite glial cells (SGCs) closely envelop cell bodies of neurons in sensory, sympathetic
and parasympathetic ganglia. This unique organization is not found elsewhere in the …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor
microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression …

The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung
homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in …

Abstract Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is an ATP-permeable channel with critical roles in a variety of
physiological functions such as blood pressure regulation, apoptotic cell clearance and …

Extracellular nucleotides (eg, ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP) released by inflammatory cells interact
with specific purinergic P2 type receptors to modulate their recruitment and activation. The …

Osteocytes comprise the overwhelming majority of cells in bone and are its only true
“permanent” resident cell population. In recent years, conceptual and technological …

Extracellular nucleotides, mainly ATP, but also ADP, UTP, UDP and UDP-sugars,
adenosine, and adenine base participate in the “purinergic signalling” pathway, an …

Connexins are ubiquitous channel forming proteins that assemble as plasma membrane
hemichannels and as intercellular gap junction channels that directly connect cells. In the …

Gap junction channels facilitate the intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules.
While this process is critical to all multicellular organisms, the proteins that form gap junction …