Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers …

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of diseases in which dysregulated immune
responses have an important role. However, most of the immunotherapy strategies currently …

BACKGROUND Host immune responses are classically divided into innate immune
responses, which react rapidly and nonspecifically upon encountering a pathogen, and …

The immune response to Candida species is shaped by the commensal character of the
fungus. There is a crucial role for discerning between colonization and invasion at mucosal …

Invasive fungal infection is an under recognized and emerging global health threat.
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the first ever list of health …

Adaptive features of innate immunity, recently described as “trained immunity,” have been
documented in plants, invertebrate animals, and mice, but not yet in humans. Here we show …

Immune responses in vertebrates are classically divided into innate and adaptive, with only
the latter being able to build up immunological memory. However, although lacking adaptive …

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects,
vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune …

Owing to its memory and plasticity, the immune system (IS) is capable of recording all the
immunological experiences and stimuli it was exposed to. The combination of type, dose …

Over the last decades, there was increasing evidence for the presence of innate immune
memory in living organisms. In this review, we compare the innate immune memory of …