Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) contribute to human genomic diversity. Synonymous
SNVs are previously considered to be “silent,” but mounting evidence has revealed that …

Ribosomes translate mRNAs with non-uniform speed. Translation velocity patterns are a
conserved feature of mRNA and have evolved to fine-tune protein folding, expression and …

Synonymous codons occur with different frequencies in different organisms, a phenomenon
termed codon usage bias. Codon optimization, a common term for a variety of approaches …

Abstract Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower
respiratory tract infections (LRTI), responsible for infecting people from all age groups—a …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic virus responsible for numerous epithelial and
lymphoid cell malignancies, including gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma …

The rapid spread of acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among gram negative
pathogens is becoming a global concern. Improper use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can …

Background The role of synonymous single-nucleotide variants in human health and
disease is poorly understood, yet evidence suggests that this class of “silent” genetic …

The genetic code sets the correspondence between the sequence of a given nucleotide
triplet in an mRNA molecule, called a codon, and the amino acid that is added to the …

Autogenous proteolytic enzymes of the calpain family are implicated in myofibrillar protein
degradation. As a result, the μ-calpain gene and its specific inhibitor, calpastatin, have been …

Once called “silent mutations” and assumed to have no effect on protein structure and
function, synonymous variants are now recognized to be drivers for some cancers. There …