The still‐evolving mechanostat hypothesis for bones inserts tissue‐level realities into the
former knowledge gap between bone's organ‐level and cell‐level realities. It concerns load …

The discovery of the growth hormone (GH)-mediated somatic factors (somatomedins),
insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and-II, has elicited an enormous interest primarily among …

Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone
mass and micro-architectural deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis …

Background. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) are fundamental
in skeletal growth during puberty and bone health throughout life. GH increases tissue …

Loss of estrogens or androgens increases the rate of bone remodeling by removing
restraining effects on osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and also causes a focal …

In the non‐amyloidogenic pathway, the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) is
cleaved within the amyloid‐β domain by α‐secretase precluding deposition of intact amyloid …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the age-related deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ)
40/42 peptide aggregates in vulnerable brain regions. Multiple levels of evidence implicate …

Androgen deficiency in males leads to an increase in osteoclastic bone resorption and a
progressive decrease in bone mineral density. In the current studies, we examined the …

A number of conditions, including osteoporosis, frailty, and sexual dysfunction in both men
and women have been improved using androgens. However, androgens are not widely …

To identify the structural and hormonal basis for the lower incidence of fractures in males
than females, sex differences in femoral mid‐shaft geometry and breaking strength were …