Abstract English is the dominant language in the study of human cognition and behavior: the
individuals studied by cognitive scientists, as well as most of the scientists themselves, are …

Traditional research in bilingualism has consistently found that switching languages is
effortful, placing demands on neural systems of cognitive control. This finding runs counter to …

Code-switching is highly socially constrained. For instance, code-switching is only felicitous
when those present are fluent in both languages. This means that bilinguals need to …

Variation in the ways by which an individual processes codeswitched language may reveal
fundamental dynamics of the language system that are otherwise obscured under unilingual …

Bilingualism is a complex life experience. Second language (L2) learning and bilingualism
take place in many different contexts. To develop a comprehensive account of dual …

The Routledge Handbook of Language Contact provides an overview of the state of the art
of current research in contact linguistics. Presenting contact linguistics as an established …

Bilinguals in the presence of other bilinguals engage in codeswitching, the fluid and
intentional alternation between languages during bilingual speech or text. Codeswitching …

Bilinguals experience processing costs when comprehending code-switches, yet the
magnitude of the cost fluctuates depending on numerous factors. We tested whether switch …

We investigated whether cross-language activation is sensitive to shifting language
demands and language experience during first and second language (ie, L1, L2) reading …

The contentious question of bilingual processing cost may be recast as a fresh question of
code-switching (CS) strategies—quantitative preferences and structural adjustments for …