The electrochemical biosensors are a class of biosensors which convert biological
information such as analyte concentration that is a biological recognition element …

Abstract Machine learning is shaping up our lives in many ways. In analytical sciences,
machine learning provides an unprecedented opportunity to extract information from …

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/scattering (SERS) has evolved into a popular tool
for applications in biology and medicine owing to its ease-of-use, non-destructive, and label …

Nanoparticles play irreplaceable roles in optoelectronic sensing, medical therapy, material
science, and chemistry due to their unique properties. There are many synthetic pathways …

Illicit drug-related incidents such as traffic accidents and sexual assaults are gaining
epidemic proportions worldwide. Besides, there is the rampant use of drugs at some critical …

The identification of fentanyl, a main culprit in opioid overdose deaths, has become critical.
Whereas Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for detecting illicit drugs, the weak …

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gained increasing attention because it
provides rich chemical information and high sensitivity, being applicable in many scientific …

Chemometric methods are powerful tools used in analytical sciences and beyond. Their
application is continuously increasing due in part to the technological advances that allow …

The rapid increase in illicit drug use and its adverse health effects and socio-economic
consequences have reached alarming proportions in recent years. Surface-enhanced …

Drug checking is increasingly being explored outside of festivals and events to be an
ongoing service within communities, frequently integrated within responses to illicit drug …