The insulin receptor (IR) is a type II receptor tyrosine kinase that plays essential roles in
metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Dysregulation of IR signaling is linked to many human …

The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane protein that is activated by ligands in insulin
signaling pathways. The IR has been considered as a novel therapeutic target for clinical …

Insulin binds the insulin receptor (IR) and regulates anabolic processes in target tissues.
Impaired IR signalling is associated with multiple diseases, including diabetes, cancer and …

Insulin is a hormone responsible for maintaining normal glucose levels by activating insulin
receptor (IR) and is the primary treatment for diabetes. However, insulin is prone to unfolding …

Insulin receptor (IR) signaling defects cause a variety of metabolic diseases including
diabetes. Moreover, inherited mutations of the IR cause severe insulin resistance, leading to …

Activation of insulin receptor (IR) initiates a cascade of conformational changes and
autophosphorylation events. Herein, we determined three structures of IR trapped by …

The insulin receptor (IR) family is a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that controls
metabolic homeostasis and cell growth. Distinct from IR and insulin-like growth factor 1 …

The binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers a cascade of receptor
conformational changes and autophosphorylation, leading to the activation of metabolic and …

Nutrient intake is obligatory for animal growth and development, but nutrients alone are not
sufficient. Indeed, insulin and homologous hormones are required for normal growth even in …

Single-pass transmembrane receptors (SPTMRs) represent a diverse group of integral
membrane proteins that are involved in many essential cellular processes, including signal …