Vitamin A (retinol) is a critical micronutrient required for the control of stem cell functions, cell
differentiation, and cell metabolism in many different cell types, both during embryogenesis …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a vital metabolite derived from vitamin A. RA plays a prominent role
during development, which helps in embryological advancement and cellular differentiation …

The automobile tire antioxidant N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD) and its quinone metabolite 6PPDQ have recently received much attention for their …

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient necessary for the growth of healthy skin and hair.
However, both too little and too much vitamin A has deleterious effects. Retinoic acid and …

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required throughout life. Through its various metabolites,
vitamin A sustains fetal development, immunity, vision, and the maintenance, regulation, and …

Vitamin A is an important micro-essential nutrient, whose primary dietary source is retinyl
esters. In addition, β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) is a precursor of vitamin A contained in green …

Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). While downstream
neurons survive, they undergo physiological changes, including accelerated spontaneous …

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulate in adipose tissue and are linked to obesity
and diabetes. The congener, PCB52 (2, 2′, 5, 5′-tetrachorobiphenyl), is found at high …

More than 40% of individuals will develop osteoarthritis (OA) during their lifetime, yet there
are currently no licensed disease-modifying treatments for this disabling condition. Common …

There is an urgent need to optimize pharmacology therapy with a consideration of high
interindividual variability and economic costs. A sex–gender approach (which considers …