Frailty is a well-established risk factor for adverse health outcomes. However, comparatively
little is known about the dynamic nature of frailty and the extent to which it can improve. The …

Background Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that predicts the onset of disability, morbidity and
mortality in elderly people; it is a state of pre-disability and is reversible. The aim of this …

Importance Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome of significant public health importance,
yet there is limited understanding of the risk of frailty development at a population level …

Significant controversy has emerged over the last decade concerning the effects of vitamin D
on skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor is …

Vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have been
addressed in many studies covering all continents. Vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum …

Background Although research productivity in the field of frailty has risen exponentially in
recent years, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement of this …

Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass
and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately …

Frailty is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Cognitive frailty has been
considered as a subtype of frailty. In this study, we refine the definition of cognitive frailty …

Vitamin D is the main hormone of bone metabolism. However, the ubiquitary nature of
vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggests potential for widespread effects, which has led to new …

Frailty is a condition characterised by loss of biological reserves, failure of homoeostatic
mechanisms, and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. The endocrine system is considered …