Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic
effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view …

Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable
heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident …

Myeloid cells, comprised of macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and granulocytes,
represent a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critically …

The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and
progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation …

Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding
stroma. Cancer cells can functionally sculpt their microenvironment through the secretion of …

The physiological processes of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are
closely related to STAT3, and it has been demonstrated that aberrant STAT3 expression has …

Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly
polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range of …

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-
5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important …

The tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment greatly limits the efficacy of
immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant …

Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response
in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a …