Background: Island “perforator flaps” have become state of the art for free-skin flap transfer.
Recent articles by Saint-Cyr et al. and Rozen et al. have focused on the anatomical and the …

Musculocutaneous regional and distal flaps have become an important tool available to the
head and neck surgeon. Vascularized autogenous muscle transplants allow single‐stage …

Modern trends in breast reconstruction with the TRAM flap have promoted adequate blood
supply to the flap while minimizing the donor-site defect in the anterior abdominal wall …

Background: The swine is a common preclinical large-animal model for medical research
because of the resemblance of its tissue structures to those of humans. However, the …

Near-infrared reflection spectroscopy, used experimentally for investigation of tissue
hemoglobin content and oxygenation in various flaps, was tested in the pedicled transverse …

The delay phenomenon in the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap was
studied by means of a laser-Doppler flowmeter and an echo color-flow Doppler device …

The free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is a recognized,
reliable method of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. However, blood supply to the …

Partial flap necrosis is frequently associated with the pedicled TRAM flap in the clinical
setting. We created a TRAM flap model in rats (one control group and four delay groups; n …

METHOD An Ultramark 9 color Doppler scanner (Advanced Technology Laboratories,
Bothell, Wash.), equipped with a high-definition imaging L10-5 broadband linear array scan …

Preoperative selective embolization of the deep inferior epigastric arteries constitutes a new
technique in TRAM flap delay. Whereas surgical ligation of these vessels has proved to be …