This review focuses on the state‐of‐the‐art of the three major classes of gas contrast agents
used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—hyperpolarized (HP) gas, molecular oxygen …

In the last two decades, functional imaging of the lungs using hyperpolarized noble gases
has entered the clinical stage. Both helium (3 He) and xenon (129 Xe) gas have been …

The gravitational gradient of intrapleural pressure is suggested to be less in prone posture
than supine. Thus the gravitational distribution of ventilation is expected to be more uniform …

Rationale and Objectives Ventilation heterogeneity is impossible to detect with spirometry.
Alternatively, pulmonary ventilation can be imaged three-dimensionally using inhaled 129 …

Purpose To quantify regional lung ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) by using free-breathing dynamic fluorinated (fluorine 19 [19F]) gas …

Multiple thoracic imaging modalities have been developed to link structure to function in the
diagnosis and monitoring of lung disease. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) renders …

Multiple-breath washout hyperpolarized 3He MRI was used to calculate regional parametric
images of fractional ventilation (r) as the ratio of fresh gas entering a volume unit to the total …

The topographic distribution of ventilation in the lungs is determined by the interaction of
several factors, including lung shape, airway tree geometry, posture, and tissue deformation …

Purpose To test the feasibility of regional fully quantitative ventilation measurement in free
breathing derived by phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI in the supine and …

Pulmonary proton MRI techniques offer the unique possibility of assessing lung function and
structure without the requirement for hyperpolarization or dedicated hardware, which is …