As an organ critically important for targeting and clearing viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
material, the liver operates via immune-tolerant, anti-inflammatory mechanisms …

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) encompasses the unexpected harms that
prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements can cause to the …

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) is responsible for postoperative liver dysfunction
and liver failure. Precise and rapid navigation of HIRI lesions is critical for early warning and …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to loss of kidney function and a substantial increase in
mortality. The burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the pathological …

Background Diclofenac (DF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) generally
prescribed for the treatment of pain. In spite of the widespread use of DF, hepatotoxicity has …

Autophagy plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cellular
repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is an important myocardial protective factor …

Incomplete autophagy is an impaired self‐eating process of intracellular macromolecules
and organelles in which accumulated autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes for …

Simple Summary Diclofenac is a widely used drug for its anti-inflammatory and pain
alleviating properties. This review summarizes the current understanding about the drug …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a widespread and harmful disease closely linked to
mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Globally, severe drug-induced …

The fourth common reason of death among patients is gastric cancer (GC) and it is a
dominant tumor type in Ease Asia. One of the problems in GC therapy is chemoresistance …