The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization.
Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific …

The immune system protects from infections primarily by detecting and eliminating the
invading pathogens; however, the host organism can also protect itself from infectious …

Nociceptor sensory neurons are specialized to detect potentially damaging stimuli,
protecting the organism by initiating the sensation of pain and eliciting defensive …

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 15–30% of children and
approximately 5% of adults in industrialized countries. Although the pathogenesis of atopic …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

The formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that transduce
chemotactic signals in phagocytes and mediate host-defense as well as inflammatory …

The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the
chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory …

Tuft cells are a type of intestinal epithelial cells that exist in epithelial barriers and play a
critical role in immunity against parasite infection. It remains insufficiently clear whether Tuft …

Remarkable advances in our understanding of olfactory perception have been made in
recent years, including the discovery of new mechanisms of olfactory signaling and new …

Allergies are generally thought to be a detrimental outcome of a mistargeted immune
response that evolved to provide immunity to macroparasites. Here we present arguments to …