The Keyhole Plasma Arc Welding (KPAW) process utilizes arc plasma highly constricted by
a water-cooled cupper nozzle to produce great arc pressure for opening a keyhole in the …

Abstract Plasma-Metal Inert Gas (MIG) hybrid welding was employed to carry out bead on
plate welding of an aluminum alloy A5052. The plasma arc was ignited to form a keyhole …

Lightweight manufacturing reduces energy consumption and protects the environment;
therefore, it offers an important direction of development in engineering. Variable polarity …

In this study, a novel electrode-arc-droplet-weld pool model considering the complex
interactive phenomena of arc, keyhole and weld pool is developed to investigate heat …

Induction heating is a novel energy source that can be utilized in the melting of metallic
wires for the development of green manufacturing processes such as drop-casting and …

In this study, the formation process of welding defects in plasma keyhole arc welding was
investigated based on the formation of eddies inside the weld pool. An experimental …

The purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the behavior of molten metal flow inside
weld pool during welding of Plasma Keyhole Arc Welding (PKAW). An observation of the …

In this study, the effect of oxygen in the shielding gas on the material flow behavior of the
weld pool surface was discussed to clarify the dominant driving weld pool force in keyhole …

Keyhole plasma arc welding (K-PAW) of medium-thick plates often faces instability in the
initial keyhole penetration stage, so a thorough investigation of the keyhole and weld pool …

Purpose Prior to manufacturing, designing plays a vital role in the selection of materials and
other design parameters. Therefore, during the deposition of materials, substrate materials …