Programmed cell death is considered a key player in a variety of cellular processes that
helps to regulate tissue growth, embryogenesis, cell turnover, immune response, and other …

Fibroblasts are the most abundant “non-cancerous” cells in tumors. However, it remains
largely unknown how these cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth and …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to participate in the induction of apoptosis and
has even been suggested to be central to the apoptotic pathway. Indeed, opening of the …

Cancer chemopreventive agents are typically natural products or their synthetic analogs that
inhibit the transformation of normal cells to premalignant cells or the progression of …

Tamoxifen (TAM) has been used in the treatment of breast cancer for over a decade. The
observed clinical efficacy of TAM has been attributed to both growth arrest and induction of …

There has been increasing evidence pointing to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC)
as a novel and important target for the actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptors …

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common anticancer drug. The mechanisms of DOX induced
apoptosis and the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptotic signaling were …

Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica. In the present study,
the mechanism of anticancer effect of AA on skin cancer was investigated. AA decreased …

It is well known that the biological and carcinogenic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) are
mediated via nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) by regulating nuclear gene expression …

Tamoxifen is an anticancer drug that induces oxidative stress and apoptosis via
mitochondria-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)–dependent pathways. The present report …