The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a key role in different
physiological processes such as development, cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix …

Endoglin (CD105) is an integral membrane glycoprotein that serves as a coreceptor for
members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily of proteins. A major role for …

Background: Arteriovenous malformation is a dynamic vascular anomaly; it expands with
age and after treatment. This study analyzed the pattern of arteriovenous malformation …

Apelin has been identified as the endogenous ligand of the human orphan G protein–
coupled receptor APJ. This peptide exerts a variety of cardiovascular effects and particularly …

Correct organization of the vascular tree requires the balanced activities of several signaling
pathways that regulate tubulogenesis and vascular branching, elongation, and pruning …

Activin A receptor like type 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase in
the transforming growth factor-beta receptor family that is expressed on endothelial cells …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic factor sensed by most cells. It
regulates a broad spectrum of cellular responses including hematopoiesis. In order to …

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is tightly regulated to achieve
normal angiogenesis. The objective was to examine regulation of VEGF by the activin-like …

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) results from an error in vascular development during
embryogenesis. An absent capillary bed causes shunting of blood directly from the arterial to …

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) cause intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), especially
in young adults. Molecular characterization of lesional tissue provides evidence for …