An estimated 8–10 million people suffer from viral hepatitis in Egypt. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the major causes of viral hepatitis in Egypt as 50% or more of …

Changes in the occurrence, distribution, and seasonal variation of waterborne pathogens
due to global climate change may increase the risk of human exposure to these …

Following outbreaks linked to frozen strawberries in Sweden and Austria in 2018, 65 cases
linked to the same hepatitis A virus strain were detected in Germany between October 2018 …

There is increasing evidence that the fecal indicator bacteria that are routinely used for
testing water quality are inadequate for ensuring protection of the public health. Pepper mild …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are transmitted through the fecal–oral
route. HAV outbreaks and one HEV outbreak have been reported in Egypt. However, the …

Foodborne viral diseases are a major public health threat and pose a huge burden on the
economies of both developed and developing countries. Enteric viruses are the causative …

Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively) remain a significant global health
concern despite advancements in healthcare and vaccination programs. Regular monitoring …

Recently, the occurrence of oncogenic viruses in contaminated water and their potential for
waterborne transmission has been reported. We addressed an environmental surveillance …

The present study aimed to analyse molecular epidemiological data from hepatitis A virus
(HAV) outbreaks in two affected areas. The association between the knowledge of hepatitis …

Recycled wastewater is widely used owing to the potential shortage of water resources for
drinking purposes, recreational activities, and irrigation. However, gut microbiomes of both …