It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated
by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 …

It is well established that biglycan, a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan, acts as an extracellular
matrix‐derived danger signal in its soluble form. By binding to innate immunity Toll‐like …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is common in people over the age of 65. Progressive
valvular calcification is a characteristic of CAVD and due to chronic inflammation in aortic …

Abstract Bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4) is an osteoinductive protein that
accelerates osteogenesis when administered to bony defects. Sericin is produced by …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active and dynamic feature of tissues that not only
provides gross structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. The ever-changing …

Aims Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular
remodelling, a hallmark of hypertension, has not been systematically characterized yet. We …

Inflammation, the primary response of innate immunity, is essential to initiate the calcification
process underlying calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), the most prevalent valvulopathy in …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the structural organization of tissue and
delivery of external cues to the cell. Biglycan, a class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans …

Introduction Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an active and cellular-driven fibrocalcific
process characterised by differentiation of valve interstitial cells (VICs) towards an …

Surgical replacement of dysfunctional valves is the primary option for the treatment of
valvular disease and congenital defects. Existing mechanical and bioprosthetic replacement …