Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a polypeptide hormone with vital biological functions in
bone cells. The abnormal expression of IGF-1 has a serious effect on bone growth …

A significant problem that has an impact on community wellbeing is environmental pollution.
Environmental pollution due to air, water, or soil pollutants might pose a severe risk to global …

Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) tissue in bone was systematically profiled to define the
composition of the tumor microenvironment. Gene expression identified a high myeloid …

BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and have been
extensively studied due to their excellent osteoinductive ability and multiple functions …

Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD),
poor bone microarchitecture/mineralization, and/or diminished bone strength. This …

Bone, like most organs, has the ability to heal naturally and can be repaired slowly when it is
slightly injured. However, in the case of bone defects caused by diseases or large shocks …

As a chronic autoimmune disease with complex aetiology, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has
been demonstrated to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction since mitochondrial …

Macrophages are essential regulators of inflammation and bone loss. Receptor activator of
nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is responsible for …

This bedside-to-bench study aimed to systematically investigate the value of applying BMP2-
loaded calcium phosphate cement (BMP2-CPC) in the restoration of large-scale alveolar …

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been commercially approved by the Food and
Drug Administration for use in bone defects and diseases. BMP-2 promotes osteogenic …